{"id":2846,"date":"2001-09-09T20:54:00","date_gmt":"2001-09-10T03:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/caccc-usa.org\/?p=2846"},"modified":"2024-12-02T20:55:50","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T04:55:50","slug":"%e6%89%be%e5%b0%8b%e6%88%91%e5%80%91%e7%9a%84%e8%b7%af-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/caccc-usa.org\/en_us\/%e6%89%be%e5%b0%8b%e6%88%91%e5%80%91%e7%9a%84%e8%b7%af-1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u627e\u5c0b\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8def 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u66d9\u5149\u5728\u671b<strong> \u2212 <\/strong>\u7167\u9867\u81e8\u7d42\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u65b0\u89c0\u5ff5<br>\uff08\u4e5d\u6708\u4e5d\u65e5\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u767c\u8868\uff09<br>\uff08\u7de8\u8f2f\ufe55\u9019\u662f\u5341\u4e94\u7bc7\u6709\u95dc\u4eba\u751f\u672b\u671f\u6642\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u6301\u5c0a\u56b4\u548c\u54c1\u8cea\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\uff09<br>\uff08\u7528\u908a\u984c\ufe55\u6b7b\u4ea1<strong>\u2212<\/strong>\u4e8b\u5be6<strong>\u2212<\/strong>\u539f\u5247\ufe55KRT\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1<strong>\u2212<\/strong>\u4e8b\u5be6<strong>\u2212<\/strong>\u5e6b\u52a9\ufe55KRT\uff09<br>\uff08\u7167\u7247\uff09<br>Robert Milch\u202d \u202c\u53ca\u202d \u202cJ\u202d. \u202cDonald Schumacher\u202d \u202c\u8457<strong> \/ <\/strong>\u5f35\u7389\u862d<strong> <\/strong>\u8b6f<br>\u202d(\u202cKRT\u202d)\u202c<br><br>\u7576\u4e09\u5e74\u524d\uff0c53 \u6b72\u7684 Barbara Wein 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Wein \u5973\u58eb\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u600e\u6a23\u9762\u5c0d\u5269\u6709\u7684\u6642\u65e5\u800c\u53c8\u5f88\u9700\u8981\u5354\u52a9\u3002<br>\u53bb\u5e74\u51ac\u5929\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u75c5\u60c5\u52a0\u91cd\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5979\u5f9e\u6c92\u6709\u60f3\u5230\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u4f9d\u9760\u5225\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5979\u66f4\u9808\u8981\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u7167\u9867\u3002\u5979\u4e08\u592b\u9808\u8981\u5e38\u5e38\u51fa\u5dee\uff0cWein \u5973\u58eb\u53ea\u597d\u642c\u56de\u5bb6\u548c\u6bcd\u89aa\u540c\u4f4f\u3002\u518d\u767c\u7684\u816b\u7624\u4f7f\u5979\u5e38\u5e38\u8179\u75db\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5916\u51fa\u3002\u91ab\u751f\u8aaa\u6700\u591a\u62d6\u4e0d\u904e\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u7d66\u5979\u6551\u96e3\u5f0f\u7684\u5316\u7642\u3002<br>\u5316\u7642\u5f15\u8d77\u9577\u671f\u7684\u5641\u5fc3\u548c\u5614\u5410\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5927\u8178\u963b\u585e\uff0cWein \u5973\u58eb\u5728\u8179\u90e8\u88dd\u4e86\u80c3\u763a\u7ba1\u3002\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u4f7f\u5f97\u5979\u4e0d\u80fd\u7761\u89ba\uff0c\u7126\u616e\u548c\u6182\u9b31\u4e5f\u8b93\u5979\u4e0d\u80fd\u601d\u8003\u3002\u5728\u91ab\u9662\u4f4f\u4e86\u5341\u5929\u51fa\u9662\u5f8c\uff0c\u5979\u8981\u9760\u975c\u8108\u7d66\u4e88\u990a\u4efd\u7528\u4ee5\u7dad\u751f\u3002<br>\u6b64\u6642\uff0cWein \u5973\u58eb\u5df2\u7d93\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u6c42\u751f\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u5979\u5f8c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u75c5\u75c7\u5df2\u7d93\u596a\u53bb\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u6211\u5be7\u9858\u6b7b\uff0c\u6b7b\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u5fcd\u53d7\u75c5\u75db\u8981\u597d\u3002\u5979\u53c8\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0d\u662f\u5979\u6240\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7d42\u9ede\u3002<br>\u73fe\u5728\u67097600\u842c\u548c Wein \u5973\u58eb\u540c\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5b30\u5152\u6f6e\u7684\u4e2d\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5c07\u6b65\u5165\u8001\u5e74\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u7167\u9867\u5e74\u8001\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u9762\u5c0d\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u600e\u6a23\u4f7f\u75c5\u5371\u7684\u4eba\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u5269\u9918\u7684\u6642\u65e5\uff0c\u904e\u5f97\u5b89\u5be7\uff0c\u6e96\u5099\u9762\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff1f\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u53bb\u8a08\u5283\u7167\u9867\u81e8\u7d42\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\uff1f<br>Wein \u5973\u58eb\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\u548c\u516d\u6708\u9593 Institute of Medicine and National Research Council\u202d \u202c\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u7d44\uff0cNational Cancer Policy Board\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5831\u544a\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6bcf\u5e74\u6709\u4e94\u5341\u4e94\u842c\u4eba\u6b7b\u65bc\u764c\u75c7\uff0c\u4e26\u7d93\u904e\u75bc\u75db\u3001\u5641\u5fc3\u3001\u6182\u9b31\u3001\u75b2\u5026\u7b49\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u9808\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u75c7\u72c0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u764c\u75c7\u5354\u6703\u6bcf\u5e7429 \u5104\u7684\u9810\u7b97\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u7d93\u8cbb\u662f\u7528\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u8a13\u7df4\u7de9\u548c\u8b77\u7406\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u6e1b\u8f15\u81e8\u7d42\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u4e26\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u904e\u5f97\u8212\u9069\u3002<br>\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\uff1a\u56e0\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u91ab\u85e5\u754c\u4e00\u5fc3\u53ea\u60f3\u627e\u5230\u6cbb\u7652\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u75c5\u4eba\u548c\u5bb6\u4eba\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u9069\u7576\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u75c7\u72c0\u63a7\u5236\u53ca\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<br>\u4eca\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u6709\u4e00\u5b97\u6848\u5b50\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\u3002\u966a\u5be9\u54e1\u5224\u4e86150 \u842c\u5143\u7d66\u4e00\u500b\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u5bb6\u5c6c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u91ab\u751f\u6c92\u6709\u76e1\u8cac\u7d66\u4ed6\u6b62\u75db\u3002\u9019\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u966a\u5be9\u5718\u8a6e\u91cb\u4e0d\u7d66\u5e74\u8001\u75c5\u4eba\u9069\u7576\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u6cbb\u7642\u5c31\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u8650\u5f85\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff\u884c\u91ab\u57f7\u7167\uff0c\u548c\u5211\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u67e5\u8a62\u3002<br>1995\u5e74\uff0cRobert Wood Johnson Foundation\u202d \u202c\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u91ab\u85e5\u754c\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u754c\u7d42\u65bc\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u81e8\u7d42\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u7167\u6599\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u6b20\u7f3a\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c9000\u4f4d\u75c5\u5371\u75c5\u4eba\u88e1\uff0c\u4e00\u534a\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6b62\u75db\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u91ab\u751f\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u8981\u6025\u6551\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u9075\u7167\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u9858\u3002<br>\u9019\u4efd SUPPORT\u202d \u202c\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\u516c\u958b\u8b66\u793a\uff0c\u91ab\u7642\u754c\u5c0d\u81e8\u7d42\u75c5\u4eba\u4e0d\u7576\u7684\u91ab\u8b77\u8a08\u5283\u8207\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u8ca0\u8cac\u7167\u6599\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u75c5\u4eba\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u91ab\u9662\u4e0d\u80fd\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<br>\u91ab\u85e5\u9032\u6b65\u80fd\u6cbb\u7642\u5f88\u591a\u75c5\u75c7\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u6b7b\u5f97\u66f4\u5e73\u9806\u3002\u9019\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u65b0\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<br>2000 \u5e74\uff0cJournal of The American Medical Association\u202d \u202c\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8abf\u67e5\u5831\u544a\u3002 \u8abf\u67e5\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u662f\u75c5\u5371\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u548c\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u6b7b\u524d\u9858\u671b\u7684\u671f\u76fc\u662f\uff1a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7167\u6599\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5019\u548c\u5bb6\u4eba\u89aa\u53cb\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u62d6\u7d2f\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u500b\u75db\u82e6\u3001\u6162\u9577\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<br>\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u4eba\u6307\u5f15\u5982\u4f55\u8d70\u4e0a\u6148\u5fc3\u7167\u6599\u81e8\u7d42\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002Kathleen\u202d \u202cFoley \u662f\u7d10\u7d04\u202d \u202cMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center \u7684\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5c08\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5021\u5c0e\u75bc\u75db\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u7de9\u548c\u7642\u8b77\u7684\u5148\u8072\u3002\u5979\u8aaa SUPPORT\u202d \u202c\u7684\u5831\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0e\u61c9\u8a72\u7528\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u53bb\u907f\u514d\u7121\u9700\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u3002<br>Foley \u8aaa\ufe55\u300c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6b62\u75db\u548c\u7de9\u548c\u7642\u8b77\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u78ba\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u75c7\u72c0\u63a7\u5236\u53ca\u652f\u6301\u7642\u6cd5\u3002\u300d<br>Foley \u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7642\u8b77\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7531\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e3b\u6cbb\u91ab\u5e2b\u7d66\u4e88\u6b62\u75db\u85e5\uff0c\u6216\u5168\u9ad4\u91ab\u7642\u5c0f\u7d44\u5c0d\u75c5\u4eba\u53ca\u5bb6\u5c6c\u5011\u9032\u884c\u6cbb\u7642\u53ca\u8aee\u8a62\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u6cbb\u7652\u75c5\u75c7\u6642\u540c\u6642\u9032\u884c\u3002<br>\u81ea SUPPORT \u7814\u7a76\u767c\u8868\u516d\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u7cfb\u7d71\u6162\u6162\u7684\u958b\u59cb\u6709\u56de\u61c9\u4e86\u3002\u5b89\u5be7\u7642\u8b77\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5e6b\u52a9\u75c5\u4eba\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u904e\u901d\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5df2\u7d93\u8f03\u666e\u904d\u4e86\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u91ab\u9662\u5354\u67031999\u5e74\u505a\u4e86\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u5341\u7684\u91ab\u9662\u6709\u7de9\u548c\u7642\u8b77\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u3002<br>\u5177\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u5718\u9ad4\u5982\u7f8e\u570b\u5167\u79d1\u91ab\u5e2b\u5354\u6703\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u5e2b\u5354\u6703\uff0c\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u9632\u764c\u5354\u6703\u7b49\u7d44\u7e54\u90fd\u91cd\u65b0\u8a08\u5283\u600e\u6a23\u5e6b\u52a9\u7167\u9867\u81e8\u7d42\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u898f\u5247\u3002\u5168\u570b\u7684\u4fdd\u96aa\u754c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u202d \u202cBlue Cross-Blue Shield\uff0c \u548c\u202d \u202cKaiser Permanente \u53ca\u5168\u570b\u9000\u4f0d\u8ecd\u4eba\u91ab\u9662\u91ab\u7642\u7cfb\u7d71\u90fd\u5728\u60f3\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5ef6\u4f38\u5c0d\u81e8\u7d42\u75c5\u4eba\u8b77\u7406\u7684\u4fdd\u96aa\u7bc4\u570d\u3002<br>\u8981\u7d66\u75c5\u4eba\u9ad4\u6064\u7684\u7167\u9867\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u662f\u91ab\u751f\u8207\u75c5\u4eba\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5728 Journal of the American Medical Association \u767c\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u91ab\u751f\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u8a13\u7df4\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u6559\u5230\u7de9\u548c\u91ab\u7642\u53ca\u5b89\u5be7\u7642\u8b77\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u5230\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u548c\u5be6\u7fd2\u91ab\u9662\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u7de9\u548c\u91ab\u5b78\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3002\u8b77\u58eb\u5b78\u7cfb\u548c\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u7cfb\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u7f3a\u5c11\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u3002<br>\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u91ab\u751f\u5011\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u6a23\u8aa0\u5be6\u800c\u6709\u611b\u5fc3\u7684\u548c\u81e8\u7d42\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u6e9d\u901a\u9019\u4e9b\u81e8\u7d42\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u6a23\u544a\u8a34\u75c5\u4eba\u9019\u500b\u61f7\u6d88\u606f\u4e26\u5b89\u6392\u6cbb\u7642\u548c\u9762\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<br>\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u5206\u6821\u7684\u91ab\u5b78\u502b\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u4efb\u202d \u202cBernard Lo\u202d \u202c\u91ab\u5e2b \u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4e86\u89e3\u75c5\u4eba\u548c\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684 \u6182\u616e\u3001\u9700\u8981\u3001\u6050\u61fc\u548c\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7167\u8b77\u7684\u5148\u6c7a\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u300d\u7f8e\u570b\u91ab\u5e2b\u5354\u6703\uff0f\u7f8e\u570b\u5167\u79d1\u91ab\u5e2b\u5354\u6703\u5370\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5c0f\u518a\u5b50\uff0c\u91ab\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d66\u75c5\u4eba\u53ca\u5bb6\u5c6c\u505a\u53c3\u8003\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u91ab\u9662\u4e5f\u5728\u589e\u52a0\u8a13\u7df4\u548c\u8b77\u7406\u65b9\u6848\u3002<br>\u7f8e\u570b\u91ab\u9662\u5354\u6703\u7684\u6703\u9577 Dick Davidson \u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u91ab\u9662\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u5728\u52a0\u5f37\u5c0d\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u7167\u9867\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u81e8\u7d42\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\uff1f\u7576\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5275\u65b0\u3002\u300d<br>2000 \u5e74\u516c\u5171\u96fb\u8996\u53f0\u6392\u9664\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u5316\u7981\u5fcc\uff0c\u64ad\u5831\u4e86\u56db\u500b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u96fb\u8996\u7bc0\u76eeMoyer \u8ac7\u5982\u4f55\u6309\u7167\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\u9762\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u8b93\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7bc0\u76ee\u8ac7\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u9762\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u6536\u8996\u7387\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u5171\u96fb\u8996\u53f0\u7684\u7bc0\u76ee\u591a\u51fa\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u516d\u5341\u3002<br>\u9019\u500b\u7bc0\u76ee\u63a8\u52d5\u4e86\u5168\u570b\u5404\u5730\u7684\u71b1\u70c8\u97ff\u61c9\u3002\u55ae\u5728 Kansas\u202d \u202c\u4e00\u500b\u5dde\u5167\uff0c\u5c31\u670921\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u5718\u9ad4\u63d0\u51fa\u5982\u4f55\u6e1b\u8f15\u75c5\u75db\u548c\u7c4c\u5283\u81e8\u7d42\u7684\u8b77\u7406\u3002<br>Project on Death in America\u202d \u202c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u71df\u5229\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u76ee\u6a19\u5728\u9f13\u52f5\u81e8\u7d42\u554f\u984c\u7684\u9769\u65b0\u8207\u6539\u5584\u3002\u4e3b\u4efb Kathleen Foley\u202d \u202c\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u81e8\u7d42\u75c5\u4eba\u8b77\u7406\u7684\u8b66\u89ba\u6027\u548c\u6cbb\u7642\u9078\u64c7\u90fd\u6709\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u3002<br>Foley 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Wein \u5973\u58eb\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\u3002<br>Wein \u5973\u58eb\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u4e86\u4e9b\u8abf\u67e5\u5f8c\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5979\u7684\u91ab\u751f\u8f49\u4ecb\u5979\u4f4f\u5230\u7576\u5730\u7684\u5b89\u5be7\u7642\u8b77\u75c5\u623f\u3002<br>\u5728\u7d10\u7d04\u6c34\u725b\u57ce\u7684\u5b89\u5be7\u7642\u8b77\u6240\uff0c Wein \u5973\u58eb\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5b89\u6170\u3002\u9996\u5148\u85e5\u7269\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u75bc\u75db\uff0c\u5641\u5fc3\uff0c\u5614\u5410\uff0c\u548c\u6182\u9b31\u3002\u5979\u80fd\u5b89\u7761\u4f11\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5269\u9918\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u88e1\uff0c\u5979\u548c\u89aa\u53cb\u53ca\u8b77\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u80fd\u5920\u50be\u8ac7\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5979\u5c0d\u5269\u9918\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u3002\u5c0a\u91cd\u5979\u7684\u610f\u9858\uff0c\u8b77\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e86\u7167\u9867\u5979\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f7f\u5979\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u7cbe\u795e\u800c\u4e14\u8212\u670d\u3002\u5979\u8aaa\u5979\u9084\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u8981\u505a\u500b\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u4e5f\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u8981\u505a\u3002<br>Barbara Wein\u202d \u202c\u9078\u64c7\u7531\u975c\u8108\u9ede\u6ef4\u7d66\u4e88\u71df\u990a\u3002\u5979\u505a\u4e86\u5e7e\u6b21\u77ed\u7a0b\u7684\u65c5\u904a\uff1a\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u5979\u56de\u5bb6\uff0c\u51fa\u904a\u5230\u9644\u8fd1\u6e56\u908a\u7684\u71c8\u5854\uff0c\u5979\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u670b\u53cb\u4f86\u63a2\u8a2a\u4e26\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5973\u4f34\u805a\u6703\u3002\u5979\u548c\u5979\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u7fa4\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u8a2a\u554f\uff0c\u8ac7\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u66a2\u8ac7\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u591a\u5c0f\u6642\u3002<br>\u904e\u4e86\u5e7e\u5929\uff0cWein \u5973\u58eb\u89ba\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5fc3\u9858\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u505c\u6b62\u7531\u975c\u8108\u6ce8\u5c04\u7684\u71df\u990a\uff0c\u4e94\u5929\u5f8c\u5979\u53bb\u4e16\u4e86\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u7167\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5fc3\u9858\u8d70\u5b8c\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7a0b\u3002<br>XXX<br>Robert Milch \u91ab\u5e2b \u662f\u7d10\u7d04\u6c34\u725b\u57ce\u5b89\u5be7\u8207\u7de9\u548c\u7642\u8b77\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u91ab\u5b78\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u7d10\u7d04\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u6c34\u725b\u57ce\u5206\u6821\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u5b78\u8207\u5bb6\u5ead\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3002J\u202d. \u202cDonald Schumacher\u202d \u202c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u535a\u58eb \u662f\u5b89\u5be7\u8207\u7de9\u548c\u7642\u8b77\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u548c\u57f7\u884c\u9577\u3002Christopher Kerr \u535a\u58eb\u4e5f\u5c0d\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u610f\u898b\u3002<br>XXX<br>\u8acb\u5230\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def www.findingourway.net \u5c0b\u627e\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u95dc\u81e8\u7d42\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<br><br><br>\u81e8\u7d42\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u7167\u8b77\uff1f<br>\uff08\u4e5d\u6708\u4e5d\u65e5\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u767c\u8868\uff09<br>\uff08\u7de8\u8f2f\ufe55\u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\u7b2c\u4e8c<strong> <\/strong>graf<strong>.<\/strong>\u7684\u66f4\u6539\uff09<br>Robert Milch\u202d \u202c\u53ca\u202d \u202cJ\u202d. \u202cDonald Schumacher\u202d \u202c\u8457<strong> \/ <\/strong>\u5f35\u7389\u862d<strong> <\/strong>\u8b6f<br>\uff08KRT\uff09<br>\u5728\u4f60\u81e8\u7d42\u6642\u80fd\u5920\u5f97\u5230\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\uff1f\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u539f\u5247\u662f\u65bc1999\u5e74\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7528\u4ee5\u6307\u5f15\u81e8\u7d42\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u88ab\u591a\u6578\u91ab\u7642\u6a5f\u69cb\u63a1\u7528\u3002<br>\u2212 \u5c0a\u91cd\u75c5\u4eba\u548c\u770b\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u3002<br>\u2212 \u4e86\u89e3\u4e26\u5c0a\u91cd\u75c5\u4eba\u548c\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u9858\u671b\u3002<br>\u2212 \u7167\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u63a1\u7528\u6700\u6070\u7576\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<br>\u2212 \u5305\u62ec\u7de9\u548c\u75bc\u75db\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u75c7\u72c0\u3002<br>\u2212 \u8a55\u4f30\u4e26\u5e6b\u52a9\u9054\u5230\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\uff0c\u9748\u6027\u4e0a\/\u5b97\u6559\u4e0a\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002<br>\u2212 \u5982\u679c\u75c5\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8b93\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\u6cbb\u91ab\u5e2b\u548c\u5c08\u79d1\u91ab\u5e2b\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7167\u9867\u75c5\u4eba\u3002<br>\u2212 \u4f9b\u7d66\u4efb\u4f55\u5c0d\u75c5\u4eba\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u75c5\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u54c1\u8cea\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u53e6\u985e\u6216\u975e\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<br>\u2212 \u63d0\u4f9b\u7de9\u548c\u7642\u8b77\u548c\u5b89\u5be7\u7642\u8b77\u3002<br>\u2212 \u75c5\u4eba\u6709\u62d2\u7d55\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002<br>\u2212 \u5728\u8003\u616e\u5230\u75c5\u4eba\u548c\u5bb6\u5c6c\u9858\u671b\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u7576\u91ab\u751f\u89ba\u5f97\u9808\u8981\u505c\u6b62\u67d0\u9805\u6cbb\u7642\u6642\uff0c\u8981\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u5c08\u696d\u4e0a\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u3002<br>\u2212 \u63a8\u5ee3\u81e8\u7d42\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<br>XXX<br>From The Milbank Memorial Fund\u2019s\u202d \u202c\u201cPrinciples for Care of Patients at the End of Life\u202d: \u202cAn Emerging Consensus Among the Specialties of Medicine\u202d,\u202c\u201d\u202d \u202cby Dr\u202d. \u202cChristine Cassel and Dr\u202d. \u202cKathleen Foley\u202d.\u202c<br>X X X<br><br>\u202d(\u202c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.findingourway.net\">\u8acb\u5230\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def www.findingourway.net \u5c0b\u627e\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u95dc\u81e8\u7d42\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/a>\u202d)\u202c<br><br><br>\u7167\u9867\u81e8\u7d42\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u8cc7\u6599<br>\uff08\u4e5d\u6708\u4e5d\u65e5\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u767c\u8868\uff09<br>\uff08\u7de8\u8f2f\ufe55\u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\u7b2c\u4e8c<strong> <\/strong>graf<strong>.<\/strong>\u7684\u66f4\u6539\uff09<br>Robert Milch\u202d \u202c\u53ca\u202d \u202cJ\u202d. \u202cDonald Schumacher\u202d \u202c\u8457<strong> \/ <\/strong>\u5f35\u7389\u862d<strong> <\/strong>\u8b6f<br><br>\uff08KRT\uff09<br>\u9019\u4e9b\u975e\u71df\u5229\u7d44\u7e54\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a31\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f60\u53ca\u4ee5\u4f60\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u5c0d\u81e8\u7d42\u91ab\u7642\u9078\u64c7\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff1a<br>\u2014\u202d \u202cFinding Our Way\u202d: \u202cLiving with Dying in America\u202d: \u202cGet up-to-date information on advanced illnesses and end-of-life care\u202d, \u202cincluding\u202d \u202clinks to all of the resources in the accompanying\u202d (\u202carticle\u202d) (\u202cseries\u202d). \u202c<a href=\"https:\/\/caccc-usa.org\/ch\/archive\/%22http:\/\/www.findingourway.n\">www.findingourway.net<\/a><br>\u2014\u202d \u202cPartnership for Caring\u202d: \u202cAmerica\u2019s Voices for the Dying\u202d: \u202cDownload forms for advance directives tailored to your state\u202d; \u202cjoin a consumer advocacy group focused on\u202d \u202cimproving end-of-life care\u202d. \u202c<a href=\"https:\/\/caccc-usa.org\/ch\/archive\/%22http:\/\/www.partnershipfo\">www.partnershipforcaring.org<\/a><br>\u2014\u202d \u202cThe Last Acts Campaign\u202d: \u202cResearch latest news on legislative\u202d, \u202ceducational and policy initiatives from local\u202d, \u202cstate and national\u202d \u202corganizations\u202d. \u202c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lastacts.org\/\">www.lastacts.org<\/a><br>\u2014\u202d \u202cThe National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization\u202d: \u202cSearch for hospice and palliative care\u202d, \u202ctwo types of care dedicated to comfort at the end of life\u202d.\u202c\u202d \u202c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nhpco.org\/\">www.nhpco.org<\/a><br>\u2014\u202d \u202cGrowth House\u202d: \u202cSearch this\u202d \u202c\u201cYahoo of Death and Dying\u201d\u202d \u202cfor comprehensive links to end-of-life care\u202d, \u202cincluding many that focus on diversity\u202d. \u202c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.growthhouse.org\/\">www.growthhouse.org<\/a><br>\u2014\u202d \u202cThe Center for Advanced Illness Coordinated Care\u202d,\u202c\u202d \u202cin collaboration with the Veterans Administration Healthcare Network of Upstate New York\u202d \u202cat Albany\u202d: \u202cFind guidance on coping with the complexities of serious illness through the\u202d \u202c\u201cWalking the Advanced Illness Road\u201d\u202d \u202csection\u202d. \u202c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.coordinatedcare.net\">www.coordinatedcare.net<\/a><br>\u2014\u202d \u202cAmerican Association of Retired Persons\u202d: \u202cOffers extensive information on and support for caregiving\u202d, \u202cillness\u202d, \u202cgrief\u202d, \u202cwidowhood\u202d, \u202cfunerals\u202d, \u202cwills and estate planning\u202d, \u202cand advance directives\u202d. \u202c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aarp.org\/endoflife\">www.aarp.org\/endoflife<\/a><br>\u2014\u202d \u202cAging With Dignity\u202d: \u202cDownload Five Wishes\u202d, \u202ca planning document\u202d. \u202c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.agingwithdignity.org\/\">www.agingwithdignity.org<\/a><br>\u2014\u202d \u202cCenter to Advance Palliative Care\u202d: \u202cSearch the latest resources in palliative care available to hospitals and health care systems\u202d. \u202c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.capcmssm.org\/\">www.capcmssm.org<\/a><br>\u2014\u202d \u202cMissoula Demonstration Project\u202d: \u202cResearch this site for communities interested in setting up models for improved care at the end\u202d \u202cof life\u202d. \u202c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dyingwell.com\/MDP.htm\">www.dyingwell.com\/MDP.htm<\/a>\u202d \u202c<br>\u2014\u202d \u202cCommunity-State Partnerships to Improve End-of-Life Care\u202d (\u202cfunded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation\u202d): \u202cFind out what individual states are doing to organize health care professionals\u202d, \u202ceducators and policymakers\u202d. \u202c<a href=\"https:\/\/caccc-usa.org\/ch\/archive\/%22http:\/\/ww\">www.midbio.org<\/a><br>\u2014\u202d \u202cProject on Death in America\u202d: \u202cLists end-of-life innovations in the arts\u202d, \u202csocial work\u202d, \u202ceducation and public policy\u202d.\u202c\u202d \u202c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.soros.org\/death\">www.soros.org\/death<\/a><br>\u2014\u202d \u202cPromoting Excellence in End-of-Life Care\u202d: \u202cResearch programs that have received grants and technical support to change the face of dying in America\u202d. \u202c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.endoflifecare.org\/\">www.endoflifecare.org<\/a><br>\u2014\u202d \u202cAmericans for Better Care of the Dying\u202d: \u202cTrack changes in public policy\u202d, \u202cas well as reforms in pain management and support for family caregivers\u202d. \u202c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.abcd-caring.org\/\">www.abcd-caring.org<\/a><br>\u2014\u202d \u202cAmerican Academy of Hospice Physicians\u202d: \u202cFind board-certified hospice and palliative care physicians\u202d. \u202c<a href=\"https:\/\/caccc-usa.org\/ch\/archive\/%22http:\/\/www.a\">www.aahpm.org<\/a><br>X X X<br>\u202d(\u202cFor more resources and contacts on end-of-life issues\u202d, \u202cgo to\u202d \u202c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.findingourway.net\">www.findingourway.net<\/a>\u202d)\u202c<br>X X X<br><em>\u00a9<\/em>\u202d \u202c2001\u202d, \u202cPartnership for Caring\u202d, \u202cInc\u202d. \u202c<br>Distributed by Knight Ridder\/Tribune Information\u202d \u202cServices\u202d.\u202c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u66d9\u5149\u5728\u671b \u2212 \u7167\u9867\u81e8\u7d42\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u65b0\u89c0\u5ff5\uff08\u4e5d\u6708\u4e5d\u65e5\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u767c\u8868\uff09\uff08\u7de8\u8f2f\ufe55\u9019\u662f\u5341\u4e94\u7bc7\u6709\u95dc\u4eba\u751f\u672b\u671f\u6642\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u6301\u5c0a\u56b4\u548c\u54c1\u8cea\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\uff09\uff08\u7528\u908a\u984c\ufe55\u6b7b\u4ea1\u2212\u4e8b\u5be6\u2212\u539f\u5247\ufe55KRT\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u2212\u4e8b\u5be6\u2212\u5e6b\u52a9\ufe55KRT\uff09\uff08\u7167\u7247\uff09Robert Milch\u202d \u202c\u53ca\u202d \u202cJ\u202d. \u202cDonald Schumacher\u202d \u202c\u8457 \/ \u5f35\u7389\u862d \u8b6f\u202d(\u202cKRT\u202d)\u202c \u7576\u4e09\u5e74\u524d\uff0c53 \u6b72\u7684 Barbara Wein 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